Aquaculture is the practice of cultivating, breeding, and harvesting aquatic organisms under controlled conditions, typically for commercial purposes. It involves the farming of various species of fish, crustaceans and mollusks.
Aquaculture is also one of the drivers of pollution in both fresh and salt water because of:
- use of feeds for animals and fertilizers
- metabolic wastes
- Fish mortalities because of disease and poor water condition
- Oil spillage because of the use of machines like generators, automated feeders, water pumps and other
- antibiotics and chemicals used for the pond preparation, disease treatment and growth promotion.
The breeding of aquatic organisms requires clean water, but at the same time is a source of pollutants that greatly reduce breeding efficiency.
Methods of treating water from pollution:
- Water replacement and biofilters, which is a very expensive method,
- Chemicals, that can be accumulated by animals and thus dangerous for humans,
- Beneficial microorganisms, such as Bacillus.
Bacillus is a safe and efficient way to purify water. It was demonstrated that Bacillus inhibits the growth of pathogens, provides nutrients and has more advantages, including producing spores and metabolites that is more effective against a wide range of pathogenic microbes than other probiotics.
This bacterium is also capable of changing water parameters for the better by:
- Decrease in heavy metals load,
- Modulation of water hardness,
- Remediation of spilled oil,
- Removal of phosphates,
- Modulation of pH,
- Removal of nitrogenous waste,
- Removal of organic matter.
Understanding the positive effects of Bacillus in aquaculture can help not only this field, but also the entire water ecosystem and human health.
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